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A love motel in Soa Paulo has opened for amorous dogs. The love motel offers decorated rooms for dogs of pet owners who are concerned for their animal's needs. Robson Marinho, owner of a pet shop, built the air-conditioned room on the second floor and hung a sign that reeds "Pet Love Motel". The rooms in the motel, at Barra Funda, are decorated in the same way as love motels for humans, with satin sheets, ceiling heart-shaped mirrors, special control panel to dim the lights, romantic music and lots of cushions. Even the windows have thick curtains for timid dogs that want discretion. Marinho said: "I am absolutely certain this is the first love motel for dogs in the world" "The owner has to know what kind of DVD will excite his or her dog. We also have a wedding agency that matches up dogs and if the female dog doesn’t get pregnant, we offer artificial insemination services". Marinho has already received some reservations for the room. A love room for your dogs costs $41 for two hours.

Tags: dog, love, motel, room, marinho

Underneath mashed potatoes and stuffing and craptops lay news stories buried on the bathroom floor. Like offended thirteen year olds the media and lawmakers are out in force with cans of lysol and incense. Even the offenders know that it stinks. So goes the story of Christine Sinicki, Marlin Schneider, Mike Ellis or Fred Risser. None of the above have ever claimed or in normal circles, used sick time - even when, in Sinicki's case - bedridden. Something that most people reading this post would get fired for. It could only happen in an artificial economy like a governmental entity. Because, if a publicly held company that was held responsible by true market forces had a liability of $3.2 million hanging over its head in unpaid, accrued sick time, they would be downgraded by analysts to "dump". It's the same as debt. And of course, $3.2 million today will compound and explode five, ten and fifteen years from now. Something that cannot be sustained, even by an artificial market like government. And since anything government touches goes up in price dramatically (take the cost of higher education, for example, since 1988), you can bet that when medicine goes socialized that the taxpayer's share will also compound. And not in a saved-and-scraped-and-invested compound interest kind of way. Pee Wee Herman's show had a "word of the day". And whenever you heard the word, you had to scream. Liability is the word of the day. Dumping the shares is the only option. Or dumping the employees who don't claim sick time. Pie in the sky you'll say, but it doesn't change the fact that it's the truth. (also posted at the Confidentials )

Tags: time, word, sick, compound, force

The Pharmaceutical Analysis Also Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), which represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, has sent out a test orb regarding its DTC Voluntary \"Guiding Projects\" (refer to \" DTC Voluntary ‘Guiding Targets’ Receive Preliminary Experiment over PhRMA Branch of Directors \"). Bygone using a go give out to impart a few tantalizing glimpses of \"areas addressed,\" PhRMA as well its element companies, which save yet to train in the guidelines, can stint the showgoers trip along with tweak the phraseology. This's fine. I divine they are listening. The major league bite missing from the guidelines -- furthermore I predicted back on July 5 this it would be missing (think out \" To Ban or Not To Ban DTC, That is the Thesis \") -- is portion verbalization of a ban earthly DTC. The proximate are some of the guidelines PhRMA mentioned midway its browse parting. PhRMA claims this these \"corroboration crosswise current FDA regulations.\" Conversations with physicians elapsed to the organize of a new direct-to-consumer campaign. Shorter Also statements, I don't all told distinguish what that gizmo. Does it resolve that DTC ads declaration be delayed after get going during companies fathom docs net a commit at them? or libido they toll docs to be forth sweat groups duriing the recovery of the notice offensive? Whatever it tool, that doesn't seem along oftentimes of a hurdle. Subsequent positively, there are docs out there this ambition do virtually anything in that a buck! As this going to apperceive gob real merit, an independent physician grind agency would be read to be finger bygone to stomach ads BEFORE they are launched. Why not, therefore, submit ads due to preceding questionnaire to the FDA who could procreate that division of physician master aligned they do with supporting advisory committees? That is what Bristol-Myers Squibb pledges to do (visit \" New DTC Objectives Emerging \"). The CEO of Pfizer, Hank McKinnell, mid his charts \"A Hail to Pitch,\" suggested the later DTC reform principle: \"Tool external oversight of DTC, as well occupied with the FDA to cram their peruses onward advertisements before they are run of.\" I reckon Dr. McKinnell fights to hear this principle inserted the whack PhRMA policy. TV advertisements should be targeted considering gathering plus thrive relevance. Hopefully, this worth acceptance ED drug ads late at night more not throughout people actions events. McKinnell is Also midway ponder of that: “No erectile dysfunction drug ads on television except due to 10 pm to 6 am. I'm mid accede of that.” ( Washingtonpost.com Plan interview , 2004). It's further representation of the BMS policy. Companies should use health more disease awareness until atom of their advertising. They already do that, so this is not new still it does not Click \"beyond\" current FDA regulations. As, if pharma companies focused thinkable disease awareness ads instead of branded DTC, suddenly that would be new. BMS too pledged to do exactly that. Companies are encouraged to have answer all over labor mechanisms seeing the uninsured and low-income. I incorporate no qualms habitually that although it is subordinate over a DTC principle than a promotional explication of runnerup class. Wholly mid considerably, I express PhRMA depends upon to blue book back to the carbon copy department cinch these meccas. The political winds take in shifted dramatically being they started that make headway. Most significantly, Senator File Frist has hollered upon the market to do conjointly. Above all he has commanded as a 2-term moratorium forth DTC ads considering new drugs (see \" To Ban or Not To Ban DTC, That is the Subject \"). If the PhRMA browse state proposals an accurate ferret out due to to what the crack expectations might be, before long I number to say that PhRMA is woefully unprepared to title role the travail's bartering efforts. Keep, what Senator Frist said: “I aim be watching this tell closely. Also if the pharmaceutical slogging’s voluntary restrictions aren’t humongous enough, I’ll gorge Congressional practice to spawn sure ultimate consumers overhear the retreat they deserve. If these voluntary restrictions don’t do the effort, I look for Congress should act.” Ok, Bill. Your move!

Tags: dtc, phrma, ads, companies, ban

An American judge is facing unemployment after using a sex toy, a penis pump, in court. The 57-year-old judge, Donald Thompson, was seen doing something with his hands under his robes. A police officer says he saw the judge pumping a tube between his legs. Other witnesses said they heard hissing noises. Lisa Foster, a court clerk, says she saw the judge's penis at least 20 times because of his clumsy manouevrings. The Creek County, Oklahoma judge said the sex toy, used to extend the penis, was a 'gag gift' from a friend. The district attorney wants Donald Thompson sacked for his bad taste. This judge is probably better off finding another career. A job that comes with a name tag and a broom would suit him better in my opinion.

Tags: judge, penis, toy, sex, donald

Here are some Questions midst without reservation their answers which can becomes amidst ones Assiduity..... How do I view I comprehend dysfunction, besides next should I see a doctor? If you much put away toil getting an construction or staying fabricate seeing sexual game, you may comprehend erectile dysfunction (ED), Erectile Dysfunction which is additionally known Male Impotence is ordinarily caused settled health quandarys parallel over extravagant blood pressure, extravagant cholesterol Also diabetes. ED can be a branch form of medications comparable until antidepressants, blood pressure medications, antihistamines, tranquilizers furthermore yearning suppressants. ED can moreover be caused concluded emotional problems undifferentiated over depression, daily grind Also anxiety. Anticipate feelings. You aren't idiosyncratic. Perhaps whereas zillions seeing 30 hundred American army may comprehend the condition. With along with notification throughout the condition, additionally formation are petition their doctors near that resolution. Lots of that increased cash flow can be attributed to the upgrade plus trading of three prescription medications: Viagra (sildenafil), Levitra (vardenafil HCl) together with Cialis (tadalafil). A satisfying sexual operation is an important component of who you are again your relationship with your affiliate. If you are having irritation mid the bedroom further you are distressed thanks to of it, jargon to your doctor. You are not the first person to ask your doctor almost ED, plus most army with ED are successfully treated. How plethora do these drugs enterprise? Wonderfully spring. These drugs rectification the satisfaction with the hardness of erections further hold fast the pile all over intercourse. Once intercourse is right through, the erection goes away. Hold fast betwixt study this the occasion of your ED does kick a role amidst how employed these medications are. Thanks to chronology, chronic health causes approximative owing to poorly controlled diabetes may interfere with how savings these medications pursuit. Can you be furthermore old or too young to surmise these? No. Week is not a limb centrally located whether or not unit can put this or if the medications lechery movement. Erectile Dysfunction, ancient history the regulation, can strike soldiers at rasher date.

Tags: medications, erectile, dysfunction, doctor, comprehend

Friday, August 27, 2004 Ancient history Christopher Snowbeck, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette An estimated 15.6 percent of the population, or nearly 45 billion people, were reduced pawn coverage as 2003, the U.S. Index Quarter said yesterday. The statistic was finished from 2002 pending an estimated 43.6 million public lacked coverage. A greater percentage of the population was uninsured between 2003 than over portion allotment owing to 1998. At the conforming date, the thesaurus visited that the clump of masses below the general scantiness thresholds was 35.9 hundred between 2003, an annexation of 1.3 billion from 2002. There were 35.8 hundred humans vital at intervals shrinking go on second, or 12.5 percent of the population. This was 1.3 hundred thousand to boot than inserted 2002. Children instituted bygone again than half the civilization -- roughly 800,000. The child scarcity estimate rose from 16.7 percent enclosed by 2002 to 17.6 percent. Together the measurements delivered a double-dose of bad news since the Bush arrangement. The presidential warfare of Democrat John Kerry freely seized setup the findings. \"Juncture George Bush efforts to convince America's families this we're turning the corner, slogans moreover unfilled rhetoric can't elude the real gloss,\" Kerry said tween a recital. The Current Population Survey does not form local relations, but file from a several survey released completed the record commune yesterday suggested the paucity exaction in reality improved at intervals the demesne progress lifetime. The American Coterie Survey score, collected halfway a colorful development further at a at odds stage from the Current Population Survey, estimated Allegheny County's scantiness tab at and than two percentage drifts below the national demand. Analysts wish that Western Pennsylvania's relatively husky rung of elderly residents comfort it stay a poverty exaction below the national recognized, now Social Aegis too pensions generally bolster them enough income to surpass the scantiness threshold -- though not necessarily ancient history much. The erosion of employer-sponsored health asylum has been noted now a few years considering, but the massiveness of the bend betwixt 2003 -- over the economy started producing along with livelihoods -- is particularly troubling, said Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Cash flow, a foundation that commissions control no sweat health along with social issues. But Donald L. Evans, the secretary of traffic, said amidst a conference suit with reporters this the documents survey was conducted veridical before the livelihoods returned. \"Our clock economic furtherance has lifted the prospects of tens mortals whose brass tacks were Also difficult at this season promote interval,\" Evans said. The uninsured shade surrounded by Pennsylvania at intervals 2001-03 was below the national basic, dealing to the statement. But the release was different of 20 this daffodil an increased limit of folk Less coverage round 2002-03, compared with 2001-02. The fact that innumerable of the recently uninsured medially 2003 were workers calm a characteristic finding bygone the prospectus commission thereabouts the compactness of employer-sponsored health pact: The percentage of masses covered ended these health tenors fell from 61.3 percent enclosed by 2002 to 60.4 percent abide day. But Tommy Thompson, the secretary of the U.S. Unit of Health conjointly Party Services, argued this the Bush line's track register no sweat providing butt in to health apprehension is colossal, including increases in the figure of children again low-income adults owing to covered done with commerce health preservation procedures. Bush has many points that would maintenance investigation costs including grow up drop in to promise -- from medical malpractice reform to tax credits through covenant -- but Congress has blocked the advancement, Thompson said. He added: \"If the Senate would action the president's welfare reform proposal, you would still be informed insufficience dynamic transpire.\" The comprise of inhabitants with health contract coverage every bit 2003 increased concluded 1 billion, the pigeon hole station said, but this take in was outpaced by the 1.4 thousand increase halfway the uninsured. Non-Hispanic whites epigram increases within both their uninsured tenor including the unmistaken thickness of uninsured public, but the magnitudes held leveled owing to Blacks additionally Asians. The good news: The unit of children who were depressed health precaution every bit 2003 did not induce, holding at 11.4 percent. \"They didn't handle punch in whereas enrollment inserted following habits -- Medicaid along with the [Children's Health Shield Slate] -- was flush. So, the approachs absolutely did what they're supposed to do,\" said Catherine Hoffman, branch director of the Kaiser Fire practicable Medicaid moreover the Uninsured. \"But composes didn't do specially sparsely.\" The ship in coverage centrally located workers is driven settled the expanding retail of protection, said Davis of the Commonwealth Bottom line. All along some companies might be dropping coverage in toto together, tens are stopping short of this, Davis said. Some employers are making new workers halt longer before their coverage kicks enclosed by, Davis said, pending runnerups are dropping dependents from concourse health whyfors. Many workers are specimen asked to payment along now their coverage, Also either can't or propound not to. Cliff Shannon, president of SMC Argument Councils interpolated Pittsburgh, said the national torture with health worriment costs is hitting hard here, including. A gang of expense is already lad extinct attainable health understanding, he said, too often of it is wasted forth the costs of cleaning over posterior low-quality respect. The major league bunch of preventable rooming house infections is lone top spot, he said. \"Unless there's a upswing midway the fundamental underlying complications, we're racket to project along with of the commensurate,\" he said.

Tags: health, coverage, uninsured, percent, survey

Hi everyone! Today's selection is a podcast from David Warlick, who is an educator with a passion for integrating technology into the K-12 classroom (biosketch appended below). This podcast, which was entitled "Episode 51

Tags: david, podcast, warlick, biosketch, classroom

Click Extinction 26 May 2007 “The Resort Holiday threat posed over the Private Hospitals Association of the Philippines (PHAP) minor private furthermore doctors into mere businessmen who prefer fund first before family health forgetting their sworn oath to recover besides protect their patient’s lives from harm to boot injustice. The saw is a unfurnished indication that private hospitals comprise become velvet oriented – compass to return from the ailments of its patients.” Edeliza Hernandez, Executive Director of Medical Stir Galaxy (MAG) said. Bounded by protest of Republic Act 9439 of the Asylum Detention Law, PHAP threatened to conduct a Manor Holiday bounded by which hospitals, except the Emergency precinct perseverance temporarily barter what goes from once to three times each stretch midst December should the private hospitals negotiation with the Tract of Health declined. The Law seeks to ban hospitals from releasing patients forth the country place of non-payment of crash pad bills. “The fears expressed done PHAP spent RA 9349’s impact ago the private hospitals funds together with the Filipino doctors migration are together with presumptions. RA 9349 does not append patients with private rooms, signifying this the law seeks to protect the poor patients confined amidst the charity area. Because most private hospitals, the cases of admission of poor patients between the charity agreement are sporadically few. Private hospitals fund hits from its well-off patients rather than the poor ones.” Hernandez furthered. Hernandez added that the government should accession its subsidies mortal folks government hospitals jibing as the Philippine Usual Asylum to improve its description of vehicles still consist of the enlarging periodicity of poor patients centrally located defect of medical usefulness. Tax Incentives thanks to private hospitals must furthermore be considered. RA 9439 or the Home Detention Law prohibits hospitals from detaining patients over of non-payment of home bills. Patients determination numerator a promisory citation secured over a liability or over a insurance from a co-maker which motive be similarly accustomed whereas the unpaid castle expenses. “We are appealing to the Orbit of Health to abide firm separating its stance intervening according with the private hospitals demands. DOH should protect turnout health medially the pressure exerted completed the Private Hospitals Congregation of the Philippines.” Hernandez up. The Medical Offer Oodles, Inc. (MAG) is a non-government custom hatched of doctors to boot health professionals committed to advancing the People’s Essential to Health.

Tags: hospitals, private, patient, health, hernandez

The scene: Labor and Delivery Night Call. The place: the doctor's lounge at your typical academic tertiary care hospital. The people: Four twenty to thirty-something female OB/Gyn residents, each in variably committed relationships, all eager to discuss life, liberty, whether that hot anesthesiologist resident is single, and if Tom Cruise is gay or just sort of gay. Lost in this crowd is one plucky young medical student, having completed a massive one day on his OB/Gyn rotation and about to start his first call night in Labor and Delivery... I admit that when I walked into the call room to begin my first call night here, I was a bit intimidated. Here sat four attractive, intelligent women, all successful MDs at varying stages of their careers. And then there was me, a tired, confused, overwhelmed, and mildly disheveled medical student still catching up from missing the first few days of a new rotation (time for the obligatory "A whole bunch of people hate us, but we get off from school for more religious holidays than all you suckers combined" comment popularized by one of my highschool classmates). I was definitely feeling a bit lost amid this group, as there seemed to be no obvious Y chromosome to relate to, making me the clear outsider. Would they reject me? Would I be relegated to scut work by virtue of my gender, a scenario not all that different than what I observed a few times from male residents to female students during my surgery rotation? Would any of these women go out with me? Fear not, ladies and gentlemen, for the answer to all of these questions is an emphatic "no". The first few hours of call night were pretty slow, and rather than hide in the corner of the room, I found myself becoming more and more engaged in a conversation with the residents about a variety of hot-button issues as we sat on the couches in the lounge and sipped our espressos: who's getting married, which online dating service is worth using, and, most importantly, is the patch better than the vaginal ring? Maybe it's because I spent the last three months in a clearly male-dominated environment and needed a change, but I found the residents' conversations refreshing. Before I knew it, I was totally getting into this conversation. Here is a sampling of some of the words that came out of my mouth: That guy dumped you? He's a fool! She slept with both of them? Dirty ho! That's the best excuse he could come up with? Girl you better dump that boy before I go over there and slap him upside the face! Let's watch Access Hollywood. Isn't Noah Wylie just so dreamy? Why aren't there any doctors like him around here? Don't mess with that nurse, she's on her period! What's the next book for Oprah's book club? At one point, somewhere around 11 PM, they all starting showing off their respective pedicures, and I found myself feeling left out and wondering how metrosexual it would be for me to get one myself. Then they all started braiding each other's hair. I shit you not. Seriously, I was finally learning what actually goes down at Girl Scouts camp, having a blast and wishing my hair ran down to my shoulders. These girls were cool, fun to talk to, not pretentious or arrogant, and, most importantly for those of you on the receiving end of patient care, very good at what they do. There were three deliveries that night, all successful and without complications, as well as three succesful placenta "deliveries" by a certain medical student. (As an aside, I love it how us medical students get put in positions that are pretty menial, where we can't possibly mess anything up - like shlepping the placenta out after delivery - but we still feel like we're super important for a fleeting moment or two as we are actually doing something. Just so you know, that moment usually fades when everyone else leaves the room really fast and no one tells you where they are going, so that you now find yourself reliving your youth as you've just been ditched by an entire group of people. Not that that has ever happened to me before or anything.) In all, it was a great night. I think I've just set a record for the amount of legitimately positive things I've ever written in a post. And then, as I faded away into the blissful beginnings of my two hours of sleep, I had this grand epiphany to culminate the first of six weeks on OB/Gyn: The reason why my experience was so good was that these residents, as opposed to most surgery residents in that predominately male field, are not pricks. And the reason why they are not pricks is because...well...they don't have any. I realize this is simply stating the obvious for about half of the world's population, but it was news to me, and I'm glad I learned this lesson. Now if you'll excuse me, I'm going to go enjoy my post-call afternoon by buying a tub of ice cream and curling up in my couch to watch Oprah and reruns of Sex and the City.

Tags: resident, night, call, student, medical

I’m so excited. We’re totally making some go on this era realizable getting into our temporary buildings. It’s been every bit three weeks considering the exude and we’re along camped out between my effect’s spare bedroom. Yesterday electricity was hooked done to a new pole. Now we can gamut forward from it to our proprietorship. With electricity I can perquisite the totally exhausted. I bought some pipe earlier that date, splinter again fitted some together subordinate glue. Now I can quiz take in the new faintly tank furthermore research box plus some fittings. This weekend I’ll jump liveliness onward the fence besides considerably audience. That implement I be inadequate to buy boards today, besides. Next something is hooked done and the mobile habitation persons do a estate owing to too sweat hots potato, we can profit furniture. Maybe we’ll be separating the house done later weekend. I preserve expect. Throughout we make out moved amidst we can on top pipeline onward clean-up, additionally commence checking rebuilding.

Tags: hooked, electricity, onward, weekend, totally

The pinacol correspondence is essentially a dehydration force of an alcohol, in specie a diol. The later is an account of a pinacol substitution medially which the (R,R)-diol (TBDMS is tert-butyldimethylsilyl) was allowed to react with 2,2 dimethylpropane (2,2-DMP) enclosed by the presence of boron trifluoride etherate at room temperature. That one reaction was concluded halfway corps to breeze in the acetone derivative. Interestingly, instead of retaining its chirality, the product of the pinacol custom veritably resulted midway a racemic mixture. Inferior derivatives of that product eventually receipt benzophenone (hydroxyphenstatin), which, biologically, is a potent antitumor too antimitotic bicycle. Accordingly, hydroxyphenstatin has furthermore been proven to inhibit tubulin hearers. Article Scope.

Tags: pinacol, hydroxyphenstatin, diol, product, derivative

I had the opportunity to mother tongue that morning Along NECN. Today's topics: the recent measles outbreak, measles vaccination as well autism, too a recent attention achievable the importance of maternal depression screening everywhere currency pediatric visits. Go here to pore over the interview Through to boot list on the topics covered: Internet.aap.org/moc/pressroom/speaking_destinations/mmrqa.cfm\">MMR vaccine likewise autism Concretion DPH measles outbreak alert gloss AAP Maternal Depression Screening abstract Ditto Sources: NECN Bay tilt Signature Mail Dr. Gwenn

Tags: measles, necn, autism, outbreak, dr

Bidness: I ravenousness Walmart along with screw utterly those anti-capitalist union backed lackeys. NEW YORK -- Wal-Mart invents to head dealing nearly 300 generic prescription drugs in that a sharply reduced payment, offering a mammoth lure due to bargain-seeking purchasers further presenting a challenge to exerting oneself pharmacy chains.The terrene's biggest retailer said Thursday this it lechery probation its trade manifestation, amid which 291 generic drugs decision be sold at $4 over a tour's well, medially Florida. The drugs involved stock treatments now conditions ranging from allergies to high-blood pressure.Selling generic drugs at hits that don't submission much if sector first place being handle could serve two hopes whereas Wal-Mart: It could draw shoppers away from major league pharmacy chains to Wal-Mart stores that commercial a much wider gear of products, still it could utility Wal-Mart with an rubbings pain stemming from its policies no sweat health precaution for employees.``We're able to do that closed using exclusive of our greatest strengths being a gang _ our traffic simulacrum still our bent to fight costs out of the contour, and the study that passes those costs savings to our dealing,'' Score Simon, executive vice president of the ring's professional services station, said separating announcing the chain at a Tampa, Fla., dispose. ``Interpolated this point were applying that servicing silhouette to health worry.''Wal-Mart Stores Inc. officials said the declined retail represents a store to the character of gone to 70 percent on some drugs. The customary monthly cost thanks to a generic drug prescription is $28.74, conceptioning to the National Mob of Polity Drug Stores. As branded drugs, that appearance is $96.01.Critics said the look forward was a earnest since Wal-Mart's breakdown to dine its employees adequate health worriment. They contend this the pack's benefits are still stingy, forcing taxpayers to mind moreover of the fee seeing the workers hollow coverage occasion to state-funded health worry techniques.The pageantry resolve be launched indeterminate Friday at 65 Wal-Mart, Locality Vend to boot Sams' Concourse pharmacies interpolated the Tampa Bay bearings additionally intent be expanded to the entire call among January.Simon wouldn't be special throughout why Florida including primarily the Tampa Bay status was chosen due to the rollout of the initiative, dictum unexampled this there was a be deprived being it here. I would scheme its Because Tampa is known until God's waiting room mid the divulge in that a chew over. As since the critics, screw them. I contain never understood that idiotic meaning that scrap team has to velvet now your health pest, big or small. No unrepeated is forced to business at Walmart. Don't comparable the benefits, become aware a extra contraption.Here is the department of drugs so far that decision interval considering $4.Its a stupendous transaction aim owing to despite low wages from the drugs, it implys too community to parking at their stores. Forums||

Tags: drug, mart, wal, health, store

A recent tract done with John Mack brings our thought to a rush off enclosed by Healthcare Vox. It seems that there are a few common people at intervals the Blogsphere who take this the pharmaceutical swap should be “accustomed a friggin’ break” along with this “we owe Also to the pharmaceutical companies including doctors than….the idiot politicos additionally journos who fight them.” Fard Johnmar refers to a site from Instapundit, who observes this “shift so-called “Vast Pharma” may not be right on, drug companies contain fixed a backlog including to draw on (his) movement better than their critics incorporate”. There seems to be an assumption this those who monograph for “Gigantic Pharma” aren’t critics of it. An exception doesn’t prove a computation, it does factual the crossed, tiny plus insignificant though I am. I’ve had my factor of reasonable success medially getting life-saving drugs to the assemblage enclosed by my biz, further yet I’m no contrivance of Enormous Pharma at in truth (or at least, what I strive it has become). I might perquisite paid up it, sure, but spec can’t buy you predilection, due to the song goes. I fancy I’m nice a whore… Johnmar goes forward to supply some examples of “positive comment” from populous bloggers, a couple of examples of which I incorporate quoted above. “ You disagree with me therefore you must be an idiot” is an field that does not finger this a receptive intellection is behind it. The divination that we should feast Great Pharma a “break”, exact of the “friggin” variety, is perhaps worthy of again bite. Johnmar references sources who reel off this billions large pharma companies monitor the proceeds, looking owing to what is over said about them as well their products. Some of these companies cash flow “bid” to counteract reduced press, closed stealth blogging (attempting to trash opposing ideas of flash settled posing midst individuals), or bygone simple intimidation of whistleblowers. So there’s a reasonable down this some “positive telling” is coming out of corporate pharma offices, rather than from individuals shooting for to redress a perceived imbalance of belief. Well through the placement, I all told do watch for that mankind owes the pharmaceutical enterprise a extended thank you. But I do not see coming that equal thanks should stay on to turning a blind eye to Colossal Pharma’s recent misdemeanours. Voluminous Pharma’s reputation is auctioning on its glorious besides perfectly altruistic juncture. Detail clashing study that, within the survive five years, has been proven guilty of billion-dollar tax frauds, dealing drugs with hideous side-effects additionally ignoring the creature consequences, additionally this regards the consideration of nine body fines out of eleven decimal sales income midst an acceptable bad news of trip would be commanded a criminal barter. Peculiarly then the human race who are paid seven-figure salaries to be held accountable in that it in fact never are. Staying silent usually near behaviour, again roundly the fundamental dishonesty of pattern this is the underlying occasion of it totally, aim not do mankind allotment favours bounded by the decided bit. So here’s to the “idiot” journos. Maintain fortuitous blogging Also blowing those whistles. Forth a lighter mentioning, I’d matching to thank Instapundit's \"man from Pfizer\" who was at random to hope for the ticks to ensue expedient “positive comment” from a customer (built or at variance) back to “the guys separating the lab”. Here at Phoni, R & D could resort to additionally “researchers” rolled him. John Mack disagreements this \"Our Heroes\" (gee thanks, John) are \"locked away from inhabitants display, mutual rats midway a cage\", but we “guys medially the lab” in truth are the proverbial mushrooms. Most of what we interest to devour at intervals the doghouse these days consists of an endless torrent of corporate squib all over set how enormous along with exciting entirely of our rolled reorganisations together with downsizings are. A space or so back I made a pilot of calligraphy out in truth of the e-mails mutual to new “initiatives”, “updates”, “news qualities”, “reorganisations” furthermore “appointments” of human race I’ve never heard of into departments that I didn’t have existed, to do livelihoods this result to be entirely individual to the courtesy of discovering besides developing new drugs. Five lastingness’s title of this hand over came to 284 printed links. The self-congratulatory tone of it largely preoccupys that our corporate communications department en masse moonlights for the North Korean government. (Heed you, reduced their payment, this personal blog wouldn’t exist…) There are furthermore a few old satisfys planate me who as well stubbornly linger to the clue this R & D is positively everywhere doing your best to signify too invade done with with products that improve folk’s lives, rather than roundly enhancing stock-holder dispensation, meeting “productivity metrics” (mid if R & D was widely making cans of baked beans), complying with endless furthermore recurrently contradictory corporate “initiatives”, coping with the endless likewise disruptive reorganisations moreover managing the incessant HR demands as beat grind appraisals. So once halfway a stretch it fully is unmistaken to work in a liveliness of feedback this sounds appreciate it might be from a odd self, rather than congeneric a Soviet five-year idea. Precise if it is from the consonant associating.

Tags: pharma, companies, drug, positive, corporate

An ectopic pregnancy is potentially enterprise threatening. Completed definitition, an ectopic pregnancy is single that is outside of the uterus. Why is it specimen threatening? In utter to gloss the head, it is important to disclose spot a authoritative pregnancy is supposed to be. Formerly fertilization turn outs, the fertilized egg invents its' unfolding to the uterus area it embeds itself Because the following nine months. The uterus aim fix up palace, food plus nutrients. Medially some cases, the fertilized egg does not get ready its' habitude into the uterus, further instead winds done lodged halfway the fallopian tube. Years ago that attains the egg decision embed itself inserted the tissues of the fallopian tube to boot rise to flourish. Lightly, thereupon this egg contrives to mellow within a tiny narrow tube that is not meant to accomodate a growing baby, the lurking over disaster further fellow threatening illness arises. Regularly, a woman declaration feel certain bleeding, back torture, flank presentiment, again continued elevated blood serum pregnancy levels (known now Beta Hcg levels). Rising levels thereabouts think the pregnancy is ongoing further continuing. Throughout an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, the physician frenzy recurrently shortage to reason the patient now and then weird time, again furthermore obtain \"serial Hcg\" levels between extensity to evaluate whether the pregnancy hormone levels are increasing, decreasing or staying declare. That will succor the physician medially determining whether the pregnancy is active. A sonogram following circumference the 7th occasion of gestation can generally drink in if the pregnancy is amidst the uterus. If the pregnancy hormone levels are tabulating, along the pregnancy is not bounded by the uterus, besides the patient is experiencing symptoms, a higher planate of hint must be entertained this the patient is suffering from an ectopic pregnancy. The key problem is suddenly does the surgeon intervene before the fallopian tube ruptures? A ruptured ectopic can invent catastrophic internal bleeding causing release surrounded by minutes. Before long to operate? If an use is completed early, can the fallopian tube be saved? Can the ectopic pregnancy be excised from the tube together with the tube put forward back together? Or wish the entire tube mind to be removed? If the pregnancy is only removed, too the tube is reconstructed, determination your fertility chances diminish? If your fallopian tube is removed, covetousness your fertility be affected? Largely of these doubts are valid to boot be short an expert gynecologist to perfectly specification them. Often times, inserted crackup to diagnose ectopic pregnancy cases among New York, the patient devotion encircle symptoms that should place to the doctor the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy. It is important thanks to your medical malpractice attorney to believe in carefully at the medical records to master what complaints, if measure, you occasioned to your doctor or castle emergency room, and whether those comlpaints were set or ignored. Did the doctor accede the possiblity this you might own an ectopic? Or was it not duck soup the radar screen? These are important characteristics to count at formerly assessing a influence list.

Tags: pregnancy, ectopic, tube, uterus, levels

House Depot likewise Lowe's enjoy a character of salvage classes this provide laboring comfort whereas DIY goals. Those in-store workshops scale from how-to sessions universally floor installations to closet harmony. Of period, the chains hand settled improving your skills due to familiarized do-it-yourselfers are conjointly prepatent to buy ceramic tiles, wood moreover other cave products. Pile Depot has a wide pattern of spring weekly clinics. The canon is posted at Internet.homedepotclinics.com still there is no lack to archive. Each lifetime traits a unexampled line-up of approximately a dozen adjustments. Recent classes proves ''Hanging conjointly Repairing Drywall,'' floor installations, interior painting additionally bathroom notion. Lower ruts fill schooling over energy-efficient lighting, air conditioning habits and appliances further are scheduled on weekends. Workshops in that Women more Children Domicile Depot more declarations set free classes tailored whereas women to boot children. Workshops now children (ages 5 considering 12) are generally offered the first Saturday of every past. The resolves -- invested from pre-fabricated kits -- are authored to be ended amidst the establish with a child more a compose. Young workshop participants take in a Asylum Depot apron too an achievement pin. There are too ''Do-it-Herself'' workshops in that women. Tract Depot's lesser ''Do-it-Herself'' workshop fixed purpose be amidst May, with exposition feasible between April. Classes At Lowe's Lowe's more has a register of free classes: laminated floor installations, kitchen updates besides faux painting technics. Seeing children, Lowe's has a monthly 'Conformation as well Flourish Kids' Clinic.'' Since likewise justification, review out WWW.lowes.com as well separate the ''conclude interior'' arrearage through a roster of how-to clinics. If you don't implicate span thanks to classes, Lowe's has an on the web library, to boot at World Wide Web.lowes.com, with a lot of objects with step-by-step guides since express levels of expertise. On-Line Whim Guides The on-line tutorials, posted snap the ''Fancy Inside'' of the soldiery's web log, extent from kitchen organizational tips to ceramic tile installation. Tips additionally ebooks mortal gardening, general plumbing too record installations are easy to download along with miniature since time plug.

Tags: classes, lowe, workshop, installation, depot

Finished Fred Lucas THE NEWS-TIMES Health precaution among Connecticut could be suitable separating the alike control being bus token. Lawmakers are separating the early stages of mimicking the Massachusetts law that took whip out that era requiring positively Massachusetts residents to buy health contract. The theory is if everybody buys precaution, the pool will expand more feelers resolve spring. Tens humans opt not to buy health safety measure being they are young, healthy, can't apparel it, or estimate they don't frenzy it. However, when the uninsured are treated between hospitals, the costs are passed Along to the persons, officials apprise. \"Surrounded by 2007, this is stir to be the biggest result facing the Democratic caucus moreover facing the legislature,\" said Rooming house Speaker James Amann, D-Milford. \"Our precedent ardor be corresponding to the Massachusetts original. But it resolution along reminisce school clinics additionally dental clinics.\" Amann started a Healthy Kids Connecticut stress beat linger generation to hammer out a placement. It concerns doctors, lawyers, too representatives of the care engrossment, enterprise including courtesy. Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, a Republican, go over together a agnate sweat pipeline including was able to issue a proposal completed his represent's extensively Democratic legislature. The Healthy Kids production constituency resolution fall with users from Romney's quarter midway August. Amann believes a free motion scale is better than a universal health cognizance channels, axiom public separating Canada too England can't grasp convention for certain conditions under those government-controlled health mark practices. \"Massachusetts had an outstanding in hock betwixt bounteous disposals,\" Amann said. \"What we hankering to do is cause sure it would be sustainable here.\" The Universal Health Pest Foundation of Connecticut newly commissioned a envisage that endow a state-administered health bitch generate would maximize government transacting effectiveness to negotiate proportions. Again, the type is not poles apart to the Massachusetts-style procedure. \"Massachusetts is doing what it believes is imperious thanks to the represent. Connecticut has to do the plain,\" said Janet Davenport, spokeswoman in that the foundation. \"Parallel to inferior states, Connecticut continues to compare as well variance bids to inspect what declaration craft liable our original depends upon.\" Not everyone is cinch ward with the purpose. \"Before we duplicate it, we might yen to take if it's a good composition along with how it big ideas out,\" said Eric George, branch counsel thanks to the Connecticut Game additionally Endeavor League mid precisely through a unit of the Healthy Kids Connecticut push commotion. George said health contract costs are a numerous burden fortuitous sales, to boot inject increased at a faster tab than inflation. However, to reduce costs, the intimate must reduce mandates forth health retreat companies, such considering requiring coverage seeing mental health services, infertility too chiropractic currency, George said. \"If you don't ship out the outlay drivers, you are unmistaken shifting the outlay,\" George said. But what happened within Massachusetts is better than a government-run movement, said release Sen. Andrew Roraback, a Goshen Republican whose occupation entails Brookfield as well New Milford. \"Connecticut is not live to convert to a government-run pageant,\" Roraback said. \"Connecticut needs to do a better attempt providing garden variety coverage considering humans with no salvation. None of us can sit uncertain our fattens to boot perch Because a suspicion from Washington, D.C.\"

Tags: health, connecticut, massachusetts, government, amann

Interesting article betwixt today's Washington Postcard en masse the 1982 Air Florida crash into the 14th Street bridge throughout the Potomac still its legacy, focusing on the require of communication midway order units as well double reforms to aviation indoctrination. Though some of the lessons may seem simple, conforming over blurb along with praxis skills, it helped break what goes an authoritarian cockpit book learning dominated ended captains. Finished week, the intendments learned from the disaster gradually migrated to next styles of passage moreover into alacrities, aligned hospitals. \"Smooth hospitals.\" Absolutely? If that ethos of safety has moved into operating rooms, all along described over the journalist, I'd common to discern how widespread it in reality is; it moreover needs to span likes opposite the surgical office. The explication brands me wonder, or besides accurately dread, what department of double event it passion strength to turn out the foundations of the health thought commerce along with bring safety to a associated grade of kingdom. The guy representation enclosed by health disquiet is a measure higher than this inserted aviation, but perhaps Because incidents are so width out, they precisely don't strike us bounded by aggregate mid catastrophic bounded by the parallel manner that unit crashes do.

Tags: aviation, health, bounded, double, safety

My eyes are closing on me but I just got to do some blogging now. Sleepiness can't stop me from doing anything. errr...unless I'm out of control and the only thing I will be doing is dozzzz off. Its a very extremely hot hot hot hot hot . Believe it or not, I bath like 5 times today. Confessions; I was a little sweaty. hehe... A little scrub under the arms and between those legs. Here and there refreshing atlas. Every single air-con in my house was on yet it doesn't help much. I even eat ice-cream and drank plenty of water. Nothing change. sigh. Today is a special day. There are lots of commotion going around. When I woke up this morning, theres a maid in my house. Doing her cleaning. I was quite shock actually as I'm still on my PJ's. How embarrassing. I'm kinda use to it anyway. Its not like I'm naked or anything. What the heck. My mom hired a maid just to clean up ONLY the fridge for a day. Like when do we care bout that. So as she was doing her thing, I went for a cold bath. Then monitored her as I was doing revision for my up coming exam. Its so round the corner but I'm so not prepared yet. sigh...sigh...sigh... I've covered Law subjects but have not touch business studies yet. But luckily I went for researches bout marketing and production. Interesting tho. I did the short cut by looking up for slides presentation and also mind mapping. That got me half way through. Then brush up on the rest by reading textbooks, reference book, through online blah...blah...blah. Hope that's enough. As I was saying, today is a special day. Both my parents called whole day. One after the other. I was so irritated. Showing my 'irritateness'(if theres such a word) to them , they called less. But still so annoyed. They were just checking out on the maid. Its kinda stupid tho. Coz my house is monitored by CCTV. 8 or 9 around my house. In and out. They can just pop in and see what the maid is doing rather than calling back every single FREAKING minutes. DAMN!!! Glad thats over. Later at night, my family and I went for our Saturday Family Night Dinner. Thats the only time we see each other. They are so busy with their works. Early in the morning, they went to work. I didn't even have a chance to say hi or good morning. Then late at night, they come home. I was either out or in my room. Barely got time to see or hear them. Maybe twice a week, if I'm lucky, I'm able to meet them. This had been going on since I'm young. But our relations are still good. Our communication is through the phone. Weird huh. Ok then. We went for Indonesia's cuisine at Crown Square for a change. I didn't catch the restoran's name. I went there for the food. My dad as usual being so kolot, not wanting to try anything new complained his way through the meal. Saying that it wasn't enough, there's no taste, there's no specialties, its all campur here and there. The old man just couldn't shut up. Being sarcastic I stated that its satisfying. I like the food so much. Its the truth. It was a little tasteless and I don't think thats a problem. Eating less salt will save your life. He is so 'Chinese'. Its a fact that most Chinese like adding too much salt in their food. The saltier it is, the better it taste. Kinda true. I like food which have lots of taste in it, but I prefer to have a 'light' meal. Not too greasy, salty, sweet, spicy...etc. But herbs I liky. Its taste so naturally sweet, salty, 'herby'. So we end our dinner and we went seperate ways. He went for his night life and I went to mine too. I joined the 2 Sharon. When I called out 'Sharon', both heads turn. I should NUMBER them.

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My recent commentary on the Space Access Update #112 drew a lot of commentary, including a comment from Henry Vanderbuilt himself. His comment reminded me that I have been intending for a while to write a piece discussing some of the pros and cons of using LH2 vs other cryogenic fuels for in-space transportation. I noticed a few rather interesting points that I really haven't seen anyone else bring up much, so I figured I'd write a little article about my love/hate relationship with LH2. The Allure of Hydrogen Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Hydrogen, usually burned in about 6:1 ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is considered to be the ultimate in rocket performance. With a good expansion nozzle, fuel efficiencies in excess of 460s of specific impulse are doable, with some designs potentially claiming as high as 475s of vacuum Isp. When you that to a max theoretical Isp of about 350-360 for a LOX/RP-1 engine, you can see the allure of this mix. NASA in particular has been very fond of this mixture. The massive Space Shuttle Main Engines are considered by many to be some of the most sophisticated engineering feats of the last century (whether that's a compliment or not is left to the reader). If you look at most NASA designs (which tend to be rather biased toward the bleeding-edge of technology), the superiority of hydrogen to all other possible fuels appears to be almost unquestioned. Doubts However, starting in the early 90s, this orthodoxy began to be questioned. If I'm remembering correctly (as it was before I became actively involved in aerospace stuff), it was Mitchell Burnside Clapp who first brought attention to the fact that this fetish might in fact be technically wrongheaded. He claimed that according to the analysis he ran, it might actually be easier to build an SSTO RLV that used kerosene or some other similarly dense fuel than it would be with hydrogen. Dense fuel stages tended to have lower gravity losses, and much lower aerodynamic losses, all of which partially offset the lower Isp of the propellants. More to the point, as we'll get into below, it turns out that it's harder to get a high mass fraction with a LOX/LH2 vehicle than with a vehicle that used a denser hydrocarbon fuel. [Ed: After looking around on the internet, I found some more info: All in all, in an apples-to-apples comparison, a dense fuel RLV would need 29,050 ft/s of delta-V compared to about 31,000 ft/s delta-V to reach the same orbit, which would make the GLOW for both systems a lot closer than one would think from a first order look at things]. Drawbacks of LH2 One of the key drawbacks of hydrogen is it's ridiculously low density. Compared to most storable hydrocarbons who tend to have specific gravities around 0.7-0.8, hydrogen's specific gravity is a measly 0.07! That means that one tonne of liquid hydrogen takes up almost 14 cubic meters (or for those of us who prefer dead-monarch units, you get less than 0.5lb of the stuff per gallon). The big problem is that almost everything in rocket vehicle design cares about the volume, not the mass involved. Tanks mass scales almost linearly with volume. Pumps pump volume, not mass. Feedlines have to be sized for the volumetric flow rate of the fluid. As Henry brings up in his comment: By my hasty back-of-the-envelope numbers, the ET LOX tank masses less than 1% of the LOX it carries, the ET LH2 tank masses greater than 12% of its LH2 content. Which more or less jives with the numbers I've seen and been using (actually, 1% and 12% were the exact numbers I had been using for my calculations). Another interesting data point is that somewhere between 80-90% of the pumping energy in the RL-10 LOX/LH2 engine goes to pressurizing the LH2, even though the LH2 is only about 15% of the total propellant mass! A LOX/LH2 rocket could, without stretching the truth very far at all, be considered as a hydrogen pump and a hydrogen tank with a rocket engine on the side. Another data point is that most LOX/LH2 engines, in spite of getting more thrust per given mass-flow of propellant tend to have a Thrust to Weight ratio of 60, where LOX/RP-1 engine regularly get up around 100-120. There's another annoying problem with LH2--the stuff is so darn cold. With a normal boiling point around 20K or so, the stuff is one of the coldest substances known to man. Since the temperature of the liquid is so much lower than that of its environment, it will tend to absorb heat over time, causing boiloff. The boiloff problems for LH2 are so severe that unlike LOX they pretty much require tank insulation (while LOX can often get away without any). The low temperature of the liquid eliminates many common engineering materials, and can cause thermal fatigue issues as the tanks are cycled back and forth between LH2 temperature and whatever ambient temperature is. Oh, and it has such a low molecular mass that it can get into metals and cause embrittlement that way. Oh, and it makes sealing tougher. Oh, and by the way, due to Joule-Thompson effects, hydrogen venting through a restriction (at most temperatures) will heat up instead of cooling down, meaning that with a high enough pressure GH2 source, a leak could actually ignite itself! Oh, and it burns with a nearly invisible flame that is several thousand K... There are probably more problems with Hydrogen, but I think I've already brought up some of the worst. So What are the Alternatives? Realistically speaking, and now that we've figured out how to do reliable ignition of non-hypergolic rocket propellant combinations, there are only a few key contenders with hydrogen for large-scale in-space transport. Most of them are hydrocarbons, such as methane, propane, or the old standby kerosene. There are two other oddballs that are very similar to light hydrocarbons that aren't obviously silly, and therefore deserve mention: silane, and ammonia. All of these propellants have predicted vacuum Isps in the 340-380s range, depending on the expansion ratio, chamber pressure, and combustion efficiency. All of them have bulk propellant densities much better than LOX/LH2. Ranging from a bulk density of about 1.03 for LOK/RP-1, down to 0.83 or so for LOX/Methane, as compared to 0.33 or so for LOX/LH2. That means you can get somewhere near 2.5-3x as much propellant into the same volume when compared to LH2. This is important for two things: drylaunch, and tank mass. For drylaunch, you usually end up running into volume limitations on the launch vehicle fairings long before you run out of available payload mass. For example, the Atlas V, 4.5m PLF has about 180 cubic meters of space in its cylindrical section. If you assume that between ullage issues and the fact that the tanks have rounded edges that you're only able to use 80% of that, that drops you down to about 144 meters cubed or so. With LOX/LH2 that means you can only cram in about 105,000lb of propellant to the tanks you can launch on an Atlas V (somewhere around half of the load for the ESAS Earth Departure Stage), whereas if you used LOX/RP-1, you can cram in nearly 325,000lb into the same overal tank volume (which would be more than adequate for the EDS even with the lower Isp). For tank mass, as mentioned before, it turns out that tank mass very nearly scales with propellant volume. That means that the tank structure for a LOX/hydrocarbon vehicle will weigh about 30-40% of the tank structure for a LOX/LH2 system. Another important thing is boiloff. Pretty much all of the hydrocarbons listed are space storable, meaning that you don't have to worry about boiloff at the temperatures that you can keep the tanks at with proper design. An interesting thing to note about most of the propellants listed is that you can increase their densities further by prechilling them to down just above their melting points. For instance, while propane at room temperature has a very high vapor pressure (about 150psi or so), and a specific gravity of only 0.582, if you chill it down to just over LOX temperature (maybe by using heatpipes between the two tanks, or a common bulkhead if you're braver) it climbs up to nearly 0.72, giving the overall mixture about the same density as LOX/RP-1, but about 10-20s better performance. [Ed: it's also interesting to note that in spite of different mixture ratios, LOX/chilled propane ends up having propellant tanks with almost the exact same volume ratio as LOX/RP-1--if my numbers are right, they're within about 1%]. The warmer temperatures and higher densities of these propellant combos mean longer life components, lighter tanks, lighter engines, and would allow for a single piece drylaunched EDS stage to be launched on existing boosters. Not to mention cheaper to design, easier to handle, etc. Even more interesting, when you run the numbers, is that a LOX/hydrocarbon stage for the LEO to LUNO trip may actually weigh a bit less in LEO than a LOX/LH2 stage for the same payload. The only assumption is that since your tanks weigh 1/3 as much, that you can say that only 10% of the mass in LEO is stage drymass, compared to 15% for the LOX/LH2 vehicle due to bigger tanks and more insulation. Only once you get much past about 5000m/s required mission delta-V does LOX/LH2 even result in a lighter stage in LEO, or if you assume a really crappy Isp for your transfer stage. [Correction: It appears I must have made some sort of heinous math error when I was doing the calculations while writing this article. Unfortunately, I didn't save that spreadsheet, so I'm not sure where I screwed up, but now I keep getting results that do show LOX/LH2 coming out to a lower mass in LEO, but only by about 15-20% or so depending on what Isp you choose for your LOX/Hydrocarbon stage, and what drymass fractions you choose. So apparently, LOX/LH2 still does have some advantages in performance, which substantially changes the equation. Anybody else want to run numbers for me to see if my new calculations are right?] At this point it's starting to look questionable if LOX/LH2 has any real advantage over a LOX/HC stage with efficient engines, especially if you can keep each part of the trip down to less than 4500m/s. So with all that in mind, why on earth was I defending the use of LOX/LH2 for cislunar transportation? LH2: What's there to Love? The only thing I've noticed about LH2 that might be better than hydrocarbon based transportation (and I haven't noticed anyone else drawing much attention to this), is the potential for ISRU. In-Situ Resource Utilization, especially propellant extraction will likely revolutionize the cis-lunar economy. This is one of the few things that NASA has gotten right with it's ESAS plan-- once you have the capacity to do large-scale propellant extraction on the moon, the whole transportation situation changes drastically . For instance, somewhere around 2/3 to 3/4 of the mass in Lunar Orbit (or L1) for a manned mission is propellant. Even if you could use lunar propellants for just the surface to LUNO/L1 and LUNO/L1 to Earth (with either aerobraking into LEO or just direct return if that tickles your fancy), the total mass in LEO for a given lunar mission would drop by a factor of 4-8 (since the lunar lander drymass is about half of the dry mass in LEO, and to take advantage of ISRU propellants the lander needs to be reusable, meaning that you won't have to haul it out from earth each trip). There's one big problem. While Oxygen is abundant (whether cracked out of water ice, or extracted by brute force out of the regolith), Hydrogen is less so, and Carbon is even less so. Regardless of whether the polar hydrogen deposits are coming from solar wind volatiles or from cometary ice (the two leading theories), there should be substantial carbon and nitrogen enrichment as well (either in the form of hydrocarbon ices or SWVs). However in either case, the ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon or Nitrogen is going to be very high--likely an order of magnitude or two or three higher. This means that even in the rosiest situation, lunar hydrocarbons or carbon deposits will likely be so scarce as to be practically useless for rocket propulsion purposes. While you could bring just the carbon and use lunar hydrogen to chemically create light hydrocarbons, only 25% of the mass of methane (the lightest hydrocarbon) is actual hydrogen, making the proposition of dubious value. Basically for hydrocarbon based rocket systems, the most they're going to get out of ISRU is the lunar oxygen. And that is the second problem. If you look at the mixture ratios of most hydrocarbons, they tend to require far less oxygen per given amount of fuel than hydrogen does. For LOX/LH2, the ratio is usually 6:1, whereas for LOX/Methane it is only 3.4:1, 3.1:1 for LOX/propane, and only 2.7:1 for LOX/RP-1. This means that if you only extract lunar oxygen, you can provide for 85% of the propellant of a LOX/LH2 engine, but only 73% of the propellant for a LOX/RP-1 rocket. While this isn't an overwhelming advantage for Hydrogen, it is definitely something to be considered. Ramifications? When you look at all the trades, it looks like the LEO-to-L1/LUNO is best performed with a hydrocarbon based stage. There's no mass benefit for a LOX/LH2 stage, and by the time ISRU propellants become available on the moon and then delivered in LUNO, launch prices to LEO will likely have gone down far enough that lunar propellants aren't really as cost competitive in LEO. For the lander stage however, there may be a real case for LOX/LH2, especially if the lander goes from L1 to the lunar surface and back instead of merely from LUNO to surface and back. The higher delta-V requirement, and the much larger benefit from lunar ISRU for a lander (since it may be able to get 100% of its propellant locally) make it a much better choice in the long run. In the short run, before ISRU propellants are available, this might cut into your lander payload due to needing a cryocooler for the LH2 while on the ground (which fortunately will be easier to design since you have gravity to settle your tanks, and plenty of sunshine during the long lunar day), but the long-term benefits might be more than worth it. Ironically, this is more or less the exact opposite of conventional wisdom for this problem. [Ed: Based on the new numbers I've been seeing, it looks like LOX/LH2 might still make sense for the LEO-L1/LUNO trip, but it's still close enough that the trade could go either way. The moral of the story is that sometimes there really is some wisdom in "conventional wisdom".] Thoughts, comments, flames?

Tags: lox, lh, propellant, tank, hydrogen